Zionism
Throughout the Middle East during the 1900s, Zionism was starting to become a national movement that was soon changing the lives of many. Also known as Jewish Nationalism, Zionism was a political movement for the return of the Jewish people to their homeland and the resumption of Jewish sovereignty in the Land of Israel. Since Roman times, Jews had dreamed of returning back to Palestine. In 1897, an Austro- Hungarian journalist named Theodor Herzl, responded to growing anti- Semitism in Europe by founding the modern Zionist Movement. This movement tried to encourage Jewish migrations to the “Land of Israel,” in hopes of his goal to rebuild a Jewish state in Palestine. On May 14th 1948, they were successful in establishing Israel as the homeland for the Jewish people. The Zionist Movement resulted in a drive for independence for the Jewish community and helped the Jewish community reconstruct a collective identity and further motivated the Jews to create a Jewish state in Eretz Israel. In addition, it also enabled the Jewish community to establish separate political, economic, cultural, and social organizations. Currently, the proportion of the world living in Israel had immensely grown since the initiation of the movement. Today roughly about 40% of the worlds Jews are located in Israel.
Types of Zionism:
Labor Zionism- Labor Zionism became the dominant force in the political and economic life and was the dominant ideology of the establishment of Israel. The people who believed in Labor Zionism argued that a revolution of the Jewish society was necessary in part by Jews moving to Israel and becoming farmers, workers, and soldiers in a country of their own.
Nationalist Zionism- originated from the Zionists led by Jabotinsky. The revisionists left the World Zionist Organization because it refused to state that the creation of the Jewish state was an objective of Zionism. They advocated the formation of a Jewish army in Palestine.
Religious Zionism- led by Yitzchak Yaakov Reines. Religious Zionism preserved that Jewish Nationality and the establishment of the State of Israel is a religious duty from the Torah.
Spiritual and Cultural Zionism- originated by Ahad Ha’am. Ha’am was a Zionist writer ad political actor who contributed to the creation of Modern Hebrew prose. He emphasized that Zionism should be a cultural movement and not a political movement.
Political Zionism- led by Theodor Hazel. The Zionist organization and the first Zionist Congress aimed at creating Jewish people a publicly and legally assured home in Palestine.
Practical Zionism- The idea that was essential to Zionism and not shared by all Jews. People who followed the principles of Practical Zionism defended that the Jewish National goal should not be Eretz Israel however rather a land large enough to include Jews who are defined for their rights.
Review Questions:
1) What is modern day Palestine today?
2) Zionism was founded by:
3) Describe at least three types of Zionism and their impact on Palestine.
Citations:
-"Zionism." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 03 Oct. 2013. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.
-"Zionism | Middle East Research and Information Project." Zionism | Middle East Research and Information Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.
-"Zionism." Merip.org. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. <http://www.merip.org/palestine-israel_primer/zionism-pal-isr-primer.html>.
Primary Source:
"History of Zionism By Walter Laqueur, 818." History of Zionism By Walter Laqueur, 818. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2013.
Types of Zionism:
Labor Zionism- Labor Zionism became the dominant force in the political and economic life and was the dominant ideology of the establishment of Israel. The people who believed in Labor Zionism argued that a revolution of the Jewish society was necessary in part by Jews moving to Israel and becoming farmers, workers, and soldiers in a country of their own.
Nationalist Zionism- originated from the Zionists led by Jabotinsky. The revisionists left the World Zionist Organization because it refused to state that the creation of the Jewish state was an objective of Zionism. They advocated the formation of a Jewish army in Palestine.
Religious Zionism- led by Yitzchak Yaakov Reines. Religious Zionism preserved that Jewish Nationality and the establishment of the State of Israel is a religious duty from the Torah.
Spiritual and Cultural Zionism- originated by Ahad Ha’am. Ha’am was a Zionist writer ad political actor who contributed to the creation of Modern Hebrew prose. He emphasized that Zionism should be a cultural movement and not a political movement.
Political Zionism- led by Theodor Hazel. The Zionist organization and the first Zionist Congress aimed at creating Jewish people a publicly and legally assured home in Palestine.
Practical Zionism- The idea that was essential to Zionism and not shared by all Jews. People who followed the principles of Practical Zionism defended that the Jewish National goal should not be Eretz Israel however rather a land large enough to include Jews who are defined for their rights.
Review Questions:
1) What is modern day Palestine today?
2) Zionism was founded by:
3) Describe at least three types of Zionism and their impact on Palestine.
Citations:
-"Zionism." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 03 Oct. 2013. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.
-"Zionism | Middle East Research and Information Project." Zionism | Middle East Research and Information Project. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.
-"Zionism." Merip.org. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. <http://www.merip.org/palestine-israel_primer/zionism-pal-isr-primer.html>.
Primary Source:
"History of Zionism By Walter Laqueur, 818." History of Zionism By Walter Laqueur, 818. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Mar. 2013.